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William of Baskerville (Italian: ''Guglielmo da Baskerville'') is a fictional Franciscan friar from the 1980 historical mystery novel ''Il nome della rosa'' (''The Name of the Rose'') by Umberto Eco, which is itself a recounting of events as experienced by the Adso of Melk, a Benedictine novice with whom William travels. Years earlier, as an inquisitor, Brother William presided at some trials in England and Italy, where he distinguished himself by his perspicacity along with great humility. Following the events of ''The Name of the Rose'', Adso and William part ways, and William's fate remains unrevealed. In numerous cases Willam decided the accused was innocent. In one of his most consequential cases, William refused to condemn a man on charges of heresy, despite the demands of the inquisitor Bernardo Gui. The accusations of heresy stemmed from the man's translation of a greek book that contradicted the scriptures. Despite his appeals to the Pope, William was imprisoned and tortured until he recanted, in turn leading to the translator's death by burning at the stake. Though he departed from his role as an inquisitor, his torture and the death of the accused remain fresh in his mind. In the 1986 movie ''The Name of the Rose'', Sean Connery played the role of Brother William of Baskerville. ==Name and allusion== The fictional friar, William of Baskerville, alludes both to the fictional sleuth Sherlock Holmes and to William of Ockham. The name itself is derived from William of Ockham and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book ''The Hound of the Baskervilles''. Another view is that Eco has created Brother William as a combination of Roger Bacon, William of Ockham and Sherlock Holmes.〔Haft, Adele J., Jane G. White, and Robert J White, The Key to the "Name of the Rose", The University of Michigan Press, 1999〕 (William himself notes that Bacon was a mentor of his and cites his ideas several times in the course of the book.) William of Ockham, who lived during the time of the novel, first put forward the principle known as "Ockham's Razor": often summarised as the dictum that one should always accept as most likely the simplest explanation that accounts for all the facts (a method used by William of Baskerville in the novel), which William applies in a manner analogous to that in which Sherlock Holmes applies his familiar (and arguably related) dictum that when one has eliminated the impossible, whatever remains – however improbable – must be the truth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William of Baskerville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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